Saturday, August 31, 2019

How far did World War One effect the lives of people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918 Essay

Introduction ‘How far did World War One effect the lives of people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918?’ World War One had many short-term effects on the people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918, some small and others large. However, I do not think that it had any large long-term effects, on Britain or on the people living in Britain at that time apart from on women’s social standing. First I will look at large, short-term effects. D.O.R.A Or the Defense Of the Realm Act had quite a large-scale effect on Britain. It was also the cause of many other issues to be discussed in this essay, such as rationing. It originally began by allowing the government to control many aspects of the country completely; they could take over industries, factories and even people private land and houses for use in the war. They could also control how much people found out about the war through censorship. One of the first things the government did under DORA was to take control of the coal industry, and turn it towards helping the war effort, rather than putting money in private peoples pockets. During the war more changes were made, a lot of them affecting many aspects of peoples daily lives, under DORA people could not: Talk about military matters in public or spread rumors about military affairs anywhere Trespass on railways, bridges or allotments Fly kites or light bonfires or fireworks Buy binoculars Melt down gold or silver Give bread to dogs, chickens or horses Use invisible ink when writing abroad Buy whiskey or brandy in a railway refreshment room or a similar place Ring church bells As you can see there is a long list of things people were not allowed to do, as well as the government having the new powers already mentioned, the government also ordered for beer to be watered down, pub opening hours to be shortened and to not let people buy rounds or drinks in a pub. They also introduced the idea of putting the clocks forward by 1 hour during the summer, so that people could work longer while it was still light. These things altogether had quite a large short-term affect on the people of Britain, so much so that ‘by the end of the war, people were used to the government controlling their lives completely’, clearly this is something rather detrimental to Britain, it meant people could not always do what they wanted to do, restricting their right to free will. They could not fly kites, ring church bells, buy binoculars etc, and all of these smaller things, coupled with the larger things would have made a big difference to the people of Britain. I say D.O.R.A was a large short-term effect because at the end of the war, most of the acts passed under DORA were removed, the state no longer controlled buildings, or aspects of daily lives, apart from the new pub opening hours, which remained in effect until 1989, ‘even though they were meant only for the war’. DORA also had many other effects, which are in themselves issues to be discussed in this essay: Rationing Another example of Dora’s power can be seen in the form of rationing, because the government was able to take over and control land, they could take over farm land and turn it’s usage to producing what they wanted to be produced. They hired women to work the land (because men were away fighting), and did this in order to keep the country fed, but by 1917 the situation had become dire, German U-Boats were sinking one in every four of our supply ships, and there simply was not enough food for everyone to have exactly what they wanted. Food prices rose to double what they were in 1914, and since people had not asked for higher wages because they had wanted to support the war, they could not afford to pay. Rich people bought much more than they needed and hoarded it, whilst poorer people could not even afford to buy bread. Shops closed early because their stocks had run dry, and there were serious strikes over ‘poverty level wages’. The government then attempted to encourage people to economies on their food usage; leaflets, posters and articles were produced to try to get people to save as much food, particularly bread as possible. But none of their measures proved to be effective, so rationing was introduced, this meant that everyone had a set weekly allowance of food, comprising of sugar, meat, butter and beer, and they were issued with coupons that enabled them to get their set amount of food. As it turned out, by the end of the war, people were actually more healthy than they had been at the start, because they were eating a more balanced diet, the rich and the poor could only get the same amount of food as each other, so it also proved to be a much fairer method of supplying everyone in the country with enough food to live on. This was another short term affect, one under DORA, as once the war was over and the food supply was back to operational speed again, rationing ended and people were able to get as much, or as little food as they were able to before. Propaganda This will have had a much larger affect on the mind of the British citizen than any other effect of the war, although not being able to eat exactly what you wanted or do exactly what you wanted, these things were more physical when compared to propaganda, which had large physiological affects on people. DORA gave the government the right to control newspapers and other forms of media, in order to limit what the civilian population found out about the war. During the first few months of the war, where thousands of men were dieing in terrible ways, the government only reported good news, no reporter could go to France or to Belgium, and the control the government had was so incredibly totalitarian, they even kept the house of commons ‘in the dark’ as to the full reality of the front line. For the first two years of the war most propaganda was rather crude, with many tales of British heroism and German atrocities, all highly patriotic, and completely supportive of the war. However as popular opinion changed the government had to adapt their propaganda strategies to cope with it. In 1916, ‘appalling’ losses were being made at the battle of the Somme, with thousands of soldiers on both sides dieing daily, the government took this opportunity to attempt to show the people what the war was really like. What they filmed however was pre staged mock battles and scenes of soldiers going of the top bravely, and achieving much, they also showed pictures of dead and wounded men, something that had never been done before. This supposedly wakened a lot of people up to the harsh realities of the war, they were seeing so much that shocked and disgusted them, when really most of the footage was fake, and only half of the true story was being told. Propaganda was a powerful short term effect on what people thought of the war, it meant that because people did not know the full harsh reality of war, they kept on supporting it, it is likely that had the real story been told from the outset, the people may well have decided against the war. In it’s defense however, propaganda helped to keep the morale in Britain up when things were going badly, as the government could easily churn out a patriotic poster, or an awe inspiring leaflet. Below is a large effect, which had a lot more knock on effects than anything else. Women At War The countries male population had been severely reduced, because they were all out fighting on the front lines, so there were very few men left to farm, make munitions, and do all the other jobs that they used to do before the war, such as being a delivery driver. So women had to take over, the government formed the W.L.A or Women’s Land Army, and women who signed up to this would work on farms around the country, planting, harvesting and looking after crops. They were also employed in industry, most commonly the munitions making industry, and as other forms of laborer. People found that the women were just as able to do the jobs as well as all the men were, and although they were not paid as high a wage as the men, the women found that they enjoyed working and earning a lot more money than they would have done in previous jobs, if they were employed at all. This was a much larger effect of the war, particularly as it led to women getting the vote in 1918 under the representation of the people act, they had proved they could do everything a man could do, and they had helped their country get through the war, although the right to vote was not given under equal terms until 1928, 10 years later, up until then only land owning women over 30 could vote. Women working in previously male jobs also led to help in the breakdown of the class system, because all women were involved, a rich land owner could be working on the field or in the factory right next to a poor dressmakers daughter. They found that it was possible to make friends with the ‘lower classes’, and most thoroughly enjoyed it. The same was happening to the male population, as all soldiers on the front line were equal unless they were higher up in the chain of command, so a rich man could find himself in a position of having his life saved by a poor ‘lower class’ man, or vice versa. Some smaller, short-term changes Conscription A conscription act was issued in 1916, this stated that all men aged between 18 and 41 had to fight in the war, there was no option, because although at the start of the war they could not get people out to the front lines fast enough, as it carried on, the numbers of people wishing to lose their life for Haig and country began to dwindle, so conscription was the only thing that would ensure a steady flow of soldiers to be. After this all married men had to fight as well, and this then led to a huge shortage of workers in vital industries, which then led to women taking their places in the workplace, which then led to women getting the vote, and the eventual breakdown of the class system. Of course some people did not want to fight at all, even when they had to, these people were called conscientious objectors or ‘conchies’ for short, however they did have to prove that they were really objecting to fighting for a reason of conscience, e.g. their religion or a deeply held belief that war is wrong. A lot of ‘conchies’ were very badly treated, a lot were banded as criminals and placed in jail, some not even let out after the war was long over, and others could even be shot for being traitors. This was the first time conscription had been introduced in Britain, but like many other things, when the war finished, so did conscription. Conclusion There were many things that the First World War affected in Britain: food, the way people viewed the war, lively hoods and more were all altered in some way, most of the effects were temporary though, after the war they simply went away, and people went back to how it used to be before the war. All except for one effect, the way women had been treated before the war was as housewives and maids, fit only to do ‘women’s work’ at home, or at somebody else’s home, they were thought of as the child bearers, and nothing much else. The war allowed women to prove they could be more than just that, after the war there were 400,000 less maids than there had been before it, women knew now that they could do whatever men could do, and do it well also. For their hard work, women won the vote, and eventually on equal terms as men, however, all did not change instantly, when the war finished many women went back to what they used to be doing, and the men came back to their old jobs as well, but I do not think this matters, as the ball had already been set rolling, women had proved that they were mans equals, and they could, and would do it again. I do not thing that World War One deserves to be called a ‘Total War’ when compared to World War Two, although compared to previous wars such as the Boer war and the Napoleonic wars, World War One was the closest that had come to being a ‘total war’, people were much more involved in it than they ever had been before, there was conscription, bombing, women were commissioned to work in jobs previously only ever done by men, and the civilian population was being constantly bombarded by hundreds of propaganda messages. This was something people had never experienced before, never had a civilian felt so touched, so involved by the war, never had women worked in factories or had the vote, and civilians had never been bombed as they lay in bed before. Yet, compared to World War Two, WW1 was not total war, the bombing was really not at all severe, neither were the casualties, the weapons, the rationing or the everyday dangers when put next to World War Twos figures.

Friday, August 30, 2019

AIU Human Resources Essay

To the head of AIU: In this message I would like to inform you about the relationship between job satisfaction and the age, this relationship will help in providing a clear indication of the best workers to employ in a company depending on satisfaction, the more satisfied the workers are then the higher is their productivity level and therefore companies should employ more satisfied workers. Summary of the survey participants: Gender: The following is a survey on some workers in a company and this email reports on the findings about the overall satisfaction of workers, the study included a total of 29 participants where 19 of them were male and 10 were female, the following chart summarizes the distribution of male and female in percentage: From the above chart it is evident that the probability of picking a male from the sample is 64.52% while the probability of picking a female from the sample is 34.48%. Tenure: Regarding tenure it was evident that 21.05% of males and 10% of female had worked at the company for less than two years, 57.89% of males and 50% of females have worked with the company for 2 to 5 years, finally 21.05% of males and 40% of females have worked with the company for over 5 years. The following table summarizes the results: MALE FEMALE Less than 2 years 21.05% 10.00% 2 to 5 years 57.89% 50.00% Over 5 Years 21.05% 40.00% From the table it is evident that majority of both males and females have worked with the company for 2 to 5 years, however the less females have worked with the company for less than two years. Department: There are three departments namely Human Resources, Information Technology and Administration, in this case the following was the distribution of participants in each department: From the chart it is evident that most of the participants were from the administration department, the least number of participants were from the information technology department. Satisfaction: The participants were asked to identify the level of intrinsic satisfaction, extrinsic satisfaction and overall satisfaction; the following tables summarize the mean values of satisfaction: MEAN MALE OVERALL 4.65 INTRINSIC 4.78 EXTRINSIC 4.81 MEAN FEMALE OVERALL 5.39 INTRINSIC 5.62 EXTRINSIC 4.62 From the table the mean value for overall and intrinsic satisfaction for female is greater than the mean value for the male; however the mean value of extrinsic satisfaction for males is greater than that for the females. Therefore from the above we can conclude that females are more satisfied than males. Age: The participants by age were categorized into three groups, this include those aged below 21, those aged between 22 and 49 and those above 50 years, the table below summarizes the results: participants percentage 21 and under 5 17.24% 22-49 17 58.62% 50 and over 7 24.14% From the table more participants were aged between the age of 22 and 49 years and that less participants were aged 21 years and below. Position: There are those participants that are hourly employees and the salaried employees, from the survey it was evident that more employees were salaried and this comprised of 58.62% of the participant; the table below summarizes the results. Hourly Employee (Overtime Eligible) 12 41.38% Salaried Employee (No Overtime) 17 58.62% Relationship between satisfaction and age: The following table below represents the mean level of satisfaction for the age groups OVERALL INTRINSIC EXTRINSIC 21 and under 4.34 4.02 5.78 22-49 4.69411765 5.317647059 4.8294118 50 and over 5.81428571 5.228571429 3.8 Overall satisfaction: There is an increase in the mean level of overall satisfaction as the age increases, from this reason those aged 50 and above years have the highest level of overall satisfaction, therefore these individuals will tend to be more productive in the company, for this reason the company should employ older people in the organization to realize the advantage of satisfied workers. Regarding intrinsic satisfaction it is clear that those aged below 21 years have the lowest intrinsic satisfaction while those aged 22 to 49 years have the highest mean level of intrinsic satisfaction, finally regarding extrinsic satisfaction those aged 50 years and above have the lowest extrinsic satisfaction. Conclusion: From the above discussion it is evident that age is an important factor to consider when employing individuals, a company should employ individuals aged between 22 years and 49 years this is due to the simple reason that they will work in the company for many years and also will have higher levels of intrinsic, extrinsic and overall satisfaction. Surveys: A survey is a study on all the individuals in a given population or a chosen number of participants using the sampling techniques, example of a survey is a country census that involves all individuals in the country. A census is used by the government to determine the population size and therefore decision on provision of social amenities is made easier. In a survey there is need to include the names of the individuals involved in order to keep the information private, to ensure that the information is unbiased there is a need to have a standard data collection tool, there is also a need to ensure that there are ways in which the consistence of information by a participant is checked. Time is an important factor to consider, there is need to have ample time for preparation of a survey, this is because if one wants to use questionnaires then one has to prepare the questionnaire and then pretest it. References: Robert Mason and Douglas Lind (1997) Statistics: An Introduction, Duxbury Press, New York

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Public Health and Access to Quality Health Services Assignment - 1

Public Health and Access to Quality Health Services - Assignment Example Most noteworthy public health achievements in the 20th century have been the eradication of smallpox and poliomyelitis and significant control over diphtheria, rubella, measles, influenza type b and several other infectious diseases in the US, the vaccination program continues beyond 2010 for several deadly diseases. Tobacco was a health hazard all through the 20th century and it is still considered hazardous in the new millennium along with substance abuse. Immunization and infectious disease control have been continuing a major health concern in the new millennium. Diabetes, obesity (overweight), oral health, fitness and physical activity, sexually transmitted diseases are posing a big health hazard. Heart disease and stroke prevention and treatment have been a new thrust area in the goals of healthy people 2010. The health practices have evolved since last several decades. The healthy people goals of 2010 are the bit different than the goals of healthy people in 20th century. In the current times, living long and healthy is a health mantra hence identifying health improvement priorities is an important task. The emphasis is on increasing public awareness towards the chief components of health with respect to disease and disability and access to health services for everyone is a must. Air quality index (less than 50) as a measurement of environmental quality is a new introduction to live healthily and breathe healthily. Physical activity and proper nutrition for children and adults will be crucial in achieving health goals. The plan needs to be patient-centered, faster and affordable that supports people to become healthier. The plan aims at providing longer lives free of preventable disease, healthy life free of disability, disease, injury and premature death. It also aims at creating social and physical environments to create improved health for all. Promoting healthy behaviors to attain the quality of life is also a focus of health plan.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Seattle public library Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seattle public library - Essay Example In addition to the cafe, the building has a floor of information desks where mixing takes place commonly referred to as the mixing chamber. The plan of the floor is simple. When a visitor is outside the building, he or she can see the bevelled metal-and-glass concealment of the library. It gives a better view of the building as it spirals up. A laminated sheet available at the information desk guides a visitor without the use of a tour-guide. Innovation in technology Rem Koolhas, the designer and architecture behind the Magnificent Seattle Library. Koolhas has adequate experience besides being a former resident of Seattle. He was at the core of policy debate in designing the budiling. Such issues affect major parts of the world experiencing fiscal, globalization, and demographic challenges. Koolhas identified imitation and innovation as well as other strategies in pursuing the development of the library. Innovation is one of the primary objectives of architects and in most cases, it guarantees development in design. In doing this, the architect differentiates technology innovation that entails influences in the entire industry from process or design innovation, which covers modification of the process of construction. Koolhas classifies innovations into two differentiating them based on those from the laboratory and those on the market that enhance innovation. The management of the company also comprehends the other aspe ct of innovation that differentiates incremental innovation from path-breaking innovative mechanisms guided by the magnitude of originality besides the capacity to attain innovation standards. Simply, the architect refers to this as the distinction between discontinuous and continuous innovation processes. The Library has several service priorities guiding delivery of services. Youth and early learning tops the list of service priorities.The staffs and management at The Seattle Public Library offer support to early learning in addition to

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Analisis de La multitud errante de Laura Restrepo Essay

Analisis de La multitud errante de Laura Restrepo - Essay Example Sin embargo, no se sabe muy bien los detalles de su historia, o su motivacià ³n para encontrar a su otra que el hecho de que sabemos que Tres Sietes realmente amaba a Matilde Lina. Tres Sietes dice que el mundo "sabe" como su amor perdido, Matilde Lina. Es de esta manera que Tres Sietes lamenta el hecho de que se ha perdido su amor. El narrador intenta entrar en su mundo, sin à ©xito. Se trata de detener el dolor, pero nada de lo que se parece ayudar. Hay un problema mà ¡s grande que amenaza a la historia, sin embargo. Tres Sietes es un hombre, y es, obviamente, este hecho que impide un flujo claro de comunicacià ³n entre el narrador y Tres Sietes. En un dià ¡logo entre un hombre y una mujer, "El problema mà ¡s grande es la falla de una o racionalizado pà ºblica lenguaje masculinizado ... el que se separa en las representaciones culturales de la voz privada ... Una dialà ³gica feminista traerà ­a estas dos lenguas en un dià ¡logo." ... Sin embargo, por necesidad de un hombre, ella se esta definiendo a traves de esa persona. En lugar de inspirar en ella un espiritu independiente, que esta dependiendo de un hombre para hacerse cumplir. La idea de que La Multitud Errante pretende es que uno no necesariamente deben depender de alguien mas para uno de los medios de subsistencia, ya sea hombre o mujer--pero sobre lo todo, que una mujer depende de un hombre. Si bien es normal que una mujer desea ajustarse a un molde determinado en un sentido social, es dificil de romper la cadena de continuar en el camino de sus predecesores. Por supuesto, no todas las mujeres es liberada. No todas las mujeres pueden encontrarse en el curso de su vida. A veces las mujeres se dedican sus vidas enteras a sus parejas masculinas, con la esperanza de que sus deseos se cumpliran, como resultado de su devocion. Una de las mayores dificultades como mujer, como ha demostrado este narrador, es encontrarse a si mismo. La busqueda de la propia person alidad es dificil de encontrar. Esta no es una tarea facil. Con el fin de averiguar lo que uno quiere de la vida, uno tiene que hacer una gran cantidad de pensamiento. El narrador parece como si, para ayudar a aquellas personas que estan desposeidos, que ella misma esta asumiendo la carga de los que se quedan en su vivienda. Ella espera que de alguna manera una parte de ella sera guardado en sacrificar su tiempo y recursos para estas personas que se quedan en su lugar de refugio. Por supuesto, la busqueda de uno mismo viene con la contemplacion y reflexion interior. Es imposible encontrarse a uno mismo sin mirar lo que uno hace en la vida y la forma en que reflexiona sobre el caracter de uno. El narrador es, evidentemente, en conflicto. ?Le sigue a sacrificar su tiempo

Monday, August 26, 2019

The Religious Life of Scientology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Religious Life of Scientology - Essay Example Most societies in Earth have religion as a very important aspect of their life. Religion always figures in culture, as it is part of the culture as well. But religion always figures in literature, art, music, dance, etc. Because of this â€Å"specialty†, most religions choose a special person that serves as a link to the believers and the deities. This person is usually called the priest, and the priest acts a mediator between the people and the deities by performing sacrifices and other rituals that are deemed to be communication tools to the deities. In this paper, we should note that sects and cults are different than religion. Sects are small, less organized religious groups formed by members that are usually in protest with a larger denomination. They are convinced that they have the real meaning of religion or cosmos (they have â€Å"the truth†) and they actively protest the dominant religion. Typically, these sects grow and become a dominant religion as well, through the years. Unlike dominations, sects are not seen as a legitimate religious group. Cults, on the other hand, are different although they may resemble cults. Cults are transient and informal and they usually provide a haven for those who are rejected by society. Cults usually center on a leader who focuses on bringing the people (the believers) with the same frame of mind, and these are not necessarily deemed as something that invokes sanctity. Scientology is special because it’s considered as a religion for some places, and otherwise in some places.

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Homeland Defense, History of Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Homeland Defense, History of - Case Study Example homeland. The refusal of the U.S. to negotiate with rebels or terrorists and its eagerness to punish advocates of terrorism has formed the situation as well (Jordan, 2002). Current terrorist organizations are becoming ever more engaged in taking lives than acquiring political agreements, and the fear of retaliations has resulted in a bigger need for underground operations and possible deniability among terrorist organizations and their patrons (Gingrich, 2009). The rise of global and nonstate organizations hence has led to opponents who are harder to monitor and prevent than countries are and who are more engaged in initiating destructive occurrences (Larson & Peters, 2001). Technology also serves a vital function. There are growing concerns about the production of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). These involve fears about unstable ex-Soviet nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons or, by means of attempts by purported ‘rogue states’ and highly subsidized organi zations like Osama Bin Laden and Aum Shinrikyo’s group, the growing capability to produce or obtain such weapons (Gingrich, 2009). Likewise, the escalating shipment and range of ballistic missile systems has brought about fears about opponents’ possible capability to attack the U.S. (Jordan, 2002). Lastly, technological developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) have curtailed the value of geography and facilitated assaults on information and communication structures and other computer-reliant structures from all over the world (Nicholson & Biden, 2005). These continuing developments also have been disrupted by several attacks abroad and at home that has emphasized the defenselessness of developed states against terrorism, like the United States (Nicholson & Biden, 2005), and has led to many injuries and fatalities. As cited in Cordesman (2002), as explained in the Report of the President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection ( 1997), the Report of the National Defense Panel (1997), the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s evaluation of federal outcome management capacities in 1997, and the account of the DoD Tiger Team on incorporation of National Guard and Reserve endorsement of the responses to attacks of WMD, these trends have encouraged policy-level interest to the issue and the recognition of several weaknesses in the nation’s ability to reduce or prevent the approaching threats (Cordesman, 2002). The approaching threats and weaknesses in response also have resulted in the distribution of important resources to the management and deterrence of the outcomes of terrorist assaults against the U.S. and to critical discussion about the bounds of a homeland security, or currently referred to as ‘homeland defense’, undertaking for the U.S. armed forces and the Department of Defense (DoD) (Larson & Peters, 2001). The undertaking would back up the national attempt to mitigate the t hreats and outcomes of potential attacks on the United States. This essay will attempt to give a general idea of the major policy concerns linked to homeland defense. This will be a critical essay presenting a case study

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Operation Management - Essay Example The economic and social factor of people has changed drastically and that is why education and warnings about dangerous things should be given priority before embarking on business. Excellent programs on data collection about the coffee business, surveys of past errors and how they can be corrected should also be scrutinized. Consequently, recommendations have to be underway on how coffee shops can curb accidents resulting from coffee burns. Coffee management strategies that rarely have the specific objectives which are organized by all the stakeholders and for this reason they can always undermine the support of the stakeholders on the selling of coffee to their customers. In this paper I evaluate and discuss the strategies used in the case where by McDonald was sued for selling the customer hot coffee which accidentally burns Mrs. Stella Liebeck on her way home in car driven by her grandson. The approach used by the people who sued the McDonald was robust processes to achieve justi ce for what happened to Mrs. Liebeck.I also review the importance of all the businesses in the world today to understand the uncertainties of balancing the economic, biological and sociological objectives of their customers. Operation Management Introduction The case of McDonald’s coffee shop is a good example of factors that many businesses tend to ignore. ... In the world today, coffee markets have increased and is dominated by the brand coffee shops which include foreign and home made coffee (Lee and Yeu 2010.).Since 2009, coffee shops have increased drastically to suit the ever growing population. The coffee shops have grown in number across the country (Park and Lee 2010) Due to the fact that customers buy coffee any where and any time, Liabeck bought coffee which later spilt on her laps causing severe burns which made her hospitalized for eight days. The impact of various customers behavior and the repercussions and hospitality studies have been put upfront on how to retain customers in coffee shops and restaurants.(Kwun and Oh,2006).in this paper, I critically look at the impact of the case between McDonalds and Mrs. Liabeck. The main reason for the case is that, McDonalds sold very hot coffee to a customer who was in a hurry which ended up causing severe burns on her body .Another thing that I will look at is the importance of using a proper procedure when evaluating the McDonalds case. The management strategic evaluation should be put in place to help the stakeholders help make the decisions in a firm (Kolli 2000). Methodology The method used was questionnaire where by it consisted of four parts that were basically modified by the stakeholders for them to fit the context of a coffee shop. First of all, the whole study had a scenario from a context of tourism which could fit well in the modification of a coffee shop. The next step was basically to ask all the respondents to evaluate their experiences at the McDonalds coffee shop in regard to the functional attributes of the shop. The third step was to ask the customers their attitudes towards the coffee shop (He and Mukherjee, 2007). Executive summary The

Saturday, August 24, 2019

CHOOSE A COUNTRY (OTHER THAN CANADA) AND AN ISSUE IMPACTING THE HUMAN Essay

CHOOSE A COUNTRY (OTHER THAN CANADA) AND AN ISSUE IMPACTING THE HUMAN GEOGRAPHY WITHIN THAT COUNTRY - Essay Example China is among the world’s greatest countries with a high human population. It is a dominant world economy with an increasing GDP, every year. Trade and development are two vital aspects that relate to globalization. It is evident from the GDP growth that China benefits from globalization in diverse aspects. Globalization, as a process, refers to the integration of regional economies, societies and cultures through enhanced networking and communication. Globalization is an aspect promoted by a synergy of socio-cultural, technological and economic aspects. It has social, economic, political and environmental implications on the china population. Globalization has notable social implications on the Chinese population as a vital aspect of human geography. Globalization supports diverse aspects of culture transformation across the country and the globe, as well. Interactions among the Chinese population and other world societies are responsible for diverse exchange of cultural ideas. Socio-cultural changes emanate from exchange and consumption of new products, knowledge about innovative ideas and transformations in lifestyles. Interactions between the Chinese and other world population gradually expose them to diverse thoughts. The Chinese acquire new cultural morals and different practices of life. Universal tendencies such as collaboration in common invention or trade system and linkages have extensive socio-cultural implications. They empower societies and people through improved understanding of the complexities of their relationships. Information sharing across the global society constitutes a central aspect of globalization. Global networks are forums for communities to share their experience, for instance. Networks may include professional platforms or forums for information exchanges. As the Chinese population interacts with the global society, they share experiences through global networks. This promotes a

Friday, August 23, 2019

Acute Pain in Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Acute Pain in Children - Essay Example The intervention made to health institution through the initiative international health bodies has led to the creation of the pediatric analgesic trails, which aim at providing evidence pain management in child across the ages. In practice, assessments methods for pain intensity are critical in treating children of different ages. Acute pain is one of the common ailments in childhood and one that requires emergency response. In this paper, we will discuss the RCN guidelines on response given to acute pain in children. Acute Pain Assessment Tools In the last decade, a number of assessment tools required for testing the pain for appropriate ages have enabled documentation and quantitative and qualitative assessment of pain. The assessment method for children across the ages have undergone various changes, where issues affecting the new born to those children that are talking can be addressed. Currently, assessment methods include behavioral measures of pain. In this measurement method, the pediatrician would use behavior checklists, which has a list of pain effects that a child would encounter. The list has scores, which the pediatrician would check before assigning a given pain. In the assessment checklist, issues such as time, response to pain among others influence the decision that the pediatrician would make against a given pain. ... The RCN guideline has nine key areas that health professionals should observe when assessing acute pain in children. The provision in the guideline indicates when pain should be accessed, indictors, what the health professionals should do, as well as the parents of the child. The RCN guideline sought to achieve three objectives; first, create awareness about symptoms, which helps in recognition of pain, second, recommend methods for pain assessment, lastly, promote use of method in pain assessment. While many nurses claim they know when children are in pain, the guideline for pain assessment intended to clarify how best the nurses should respond to children pain. In addition, it sets standards, which nurses should uphold while assessing pain. Since nurses did not have standards of assessment, it is arguable that cases of misinterpretation of pain existed. Prior to the creation of the RCN guideline on pain assessment, critics observed that nurses interpreted pain differently. It was a rgued that parent and nurse observation and interpretation of pain is different. Most of the available research on pain assessment indicates that observation was the most common method used in the assessment. Although the method proves to be worthy, the behavior observed might not be the degree of pain. Other consideration included emotional response to pain as observed by their parents. Thus, settling on an inclusive procedure acceptable by parents and nurses was critical at this stage. It is also notable that consideration of the preexisting literature and research on pain were adequately done before the recommendation of the guideline. Since the introduction of pain assessment scale, observation made on its application has

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Radioactive Emissions Essay Example for Free

Radioactive Emissions Essay Radioactive emissions are electromagnetic radiations which occur due to the spontaneous disintegration of unstable nuclei. Natural elements with atomic number greater than 83 and isotopes of some lighter elements are found to be radioactive. They are categorized as alpha, beta and gamma radiations. Alpha particles are positively charged helium-4 nuclei , beta particles are high energy-high speed electrons while gamma rays unlike alpha and beta radiation have no mass and charge and are short electromagnetic waves consisting of high energy photons. While alpha and beta radiations have low and moderate risk of damage, gamma rays can cause severe damage to internal organs and even death on skin exposure. A brief description of various types of radioactive emissions is given below – i)Alpha radiation – alpha particles are helium nuclei with 2 protons and 2 neutrons and hence are positively charged due to which they readily interact with material. Natural alpha radiations have very low penetration power and cannot harm through skin exposure but inhalation of source substances can be quite dangerous. ii)Beta radiation – they are high speed- high energy electrons with penetration power greater than alpha particles due to which the risk of harmful effects to the health of living beings is more. iii)Gamma radiation – they are electromagnetic waves of very short wavelengths with highest penetration power. Unlike alpha and beta radiation they are high energy photons which do not possess mass and charge. They are very harmful for living beings and can cause severe damage to internal organs, DNA mutation and even death. In case of coal based thermal power plants people’s and authority’s concern seem to be limited to environmental pollution caused by pollutants like carbon dioxide(CO2) ,methane, CFCs( which are responsible for greenhouse effect), oxides of nitrogen and sulphur (which increase atmosphere acidity) and soot particles, organic chemicals( which cause lung problems to the people in the vicinity of plant).

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Power Resources Theory Analysis

Power Resources Theory Analysis Paul Pierson stated, albeit thought provoking, that the world of affluent democracies, the welfare states is at the centre of political discussion and social conflict (2001, p. 1). In many European welfare states the recent economic downturn has led to thousands of people demonstrating against cut to social programmes, wages and pensions. There has also been demonstration and protest in Greece, Spain and Portugal nations hits particularly hard by the crisis which started happening after European banks lost billions of dollars they had invested in the US subprime mortgage market which collapsed back in 2008. Recently, in France and the United Kingdom, there has been widespread social unrest as a result of government efforts to introduce significant changes to social policy. In fact in Britain, the parliaments passage of the bills to cut government spending in education have provoked sharp conflict and mass demonstration by the students. Historically, the welfare states which first emerged in England was founded through voluntary contribution before the allowance system was devised and so unemployment relief was funded by involuntary contributions commonly known as taxes. At the dawn of the new era, which is often refers to as the golden age (the post world period from 1945-1975) there has been major expansion of social programmes across the world of affluent democracies. During this period, all seems well. The people to be benefited from social programmes were few and the taxpayers available to finance them are available. Therefore taxpayers money is enough to maintain the welfare states and thus provides significant benefit to the few in needs of social cover. As welfare programme expanded, the numbers changed. The new politics of the welfares state is to be dominated by reforms; this period often called the era of austerity began in the mid 1970s. The welfares state, as espoused above, thrives on the taxes paid by the working class. The welfare system is a complex of government-funded programs including pensions, health-care subsidies, transfer payments and unemployment insurance (Manzi 2010, p. 32). According to Power Resource Theory (PRT), the generosity of the welfare state is a function of its working class (Rothstein, Samanni Teorell, 2010). The welfare system represents the majority of government spending in most modern, advanced nation (Manzi 2010, p. 32). Closely associated with the work of Walter Korpi, the power resource theory places emphasis on comparative and quantitative studies of the relationship between social policy and labour movement (OConnor Olsen 1998, p. 3). It thus enables the ordering of the welfare states of Scandinavia, Western Europe and North America according to the salient characteristics and their impact on social inequality (Ibid, p. 3). This short piece will explain how the power resource th eory of the welfare state explains the differences in European welfare states. The paper is organised in four parts. The first part, which is this section, is the introduction. The second section explains the power resources theory of the  welfare state. Scholars have attempted to explain the waves of reforms that have led to dramatic increase in government spending particularly from the late 1950s to the mid 1970s. This section focuses on the power resource theory device, among others, to explain this development. The third section is an examination of how the power resource theory explains the differences in the coordinated social policy of Western European countries. Beginning after the golden age, there has been a tremendous increase and improvement of the social programmes of Western European countries. These countries are today, the hallmark of European welfare states. The last section concludes the paper. 2.0 Power Resource Theory of the Welfare State The contemporary studies of the modern welfare state came of age in the 1970s (Myles and Quadagno 2002, p. 34). Across the industrialised nations, there were outpourings of competing theoretical accounts of the origins, development, character and impacts of modern welfare states (OConnor Olsen 1998, p. 3). One of the major theories that stand-out during this period was the power resource theory which highlights the differences in the welfare states on the basis of certain characteristics that many of these other theories tend to ignore. Power resource theory essentially posits that working-class mobilization is a critical determinant of the public provision of social welfare or, more specifically, the extents to which public welfare system redistribute income and labor-markets risks (Pontusson and Kwon 2006, p. 1). As a reaction to the dominant structural functionalist approach, associated with the work of pre eminent macro sociologist Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons, that the idea of welfare state follow from a functional logic of modernisation and industrialisation and that of Marxist-Leninist schools that the welfare state should be understood as a merely functional requisite for the reproduction of capitalist exploitation; the power resource theory puts forward two important issues. According to Rothstein, Samanni, and Teorell power resource scholars were the first to point out the variation in things like coverage, extension and generosity among existing welfare states and that variation needed to be explained (2010, p. 6-7) Second, citing (Korpi, 1974, 1983) power resource theorists introduced the important of political mobilisation based on social class as an explanation for this variation (Rothstein, Samanni, and Teorell 2010, p. 7). The power resource approach focuses not only on the direct but also on the indirect consequences of power, indirect consequences mediated through various alternative strategies and actions available to holder of power resources (OConnor and Olsen 1998, p. vii).Workers Union is argued to be the key to the ability of workers to assert their interests in politics. Therefore, Power resource theorist maintained that without politics there was nothing compelling rich nations to commit resources to the development of a welfare state (OConnor and Olsen 1998, p. 7). Although recent arguments by power resource theorists are been informed by the partisan effects of the displacement of trade unions by left parties, the extents of the effectiveness of working-class mobilization has much more impact in effecting government policies. According to Myles and Quadagno (2002, p.38) power resource theory and a plethora of later studies in this tradition (Korpi  1989; Palme  1990; KangasÃ⠀šÃ‚  1991; among many others) supported the conclusion that major differences in welfare state spending and entitlements among the capitalist democracies could be explained by the relative success of left parties, particularly Social Democratic parties, aligned with strong trade unions in shaping the democratic class struggle. Essentially, power resource theory indicates that the working class union is a very important tool that effect government policies towards development of social programmes. The workers union are therefore seen as the driver of the extents to which social justice is grounded in the state, this union is the underpinning active actor that tends to keep the welfare state. In this sense, labour union could be argued as the most organise voice for average citizens on essential matters. They played an absolutely essential role in constructing the system of social provisions that has developed into the welfare state system. As OConnor and Olsen (1998, p. 11) note, the distribution of power resources between collectives or classes and the changes in this distribution are of crucial importance for societal processes and social change. Therefore, this approach assumes bounded rationality in the sense that actors not only attempt to do as well as they can under the structural position in which t hey find themselves, but also to change the structures to their long term advantage (OConnor and Olsen 1998, p. vii). Despite that class and class conflict constitute the central role of Marxs work, Marxism tended to ignore or depreciate the role of workers in the creation of social programmes and largely fails to acknowledge significant variation in the growth and development of these welfare states (Ibid 1998, p. 7). In the light of above, the strength of organise labour is an important factor towards the creation and effectiveness of a welfare state. Democratic struggles is related to the pattern of struggles between competing interest in the state, that is to say public provision of social welfare is the object of democratic class struggle. Therefore, the balance of power between the classes, particular between the employers and economically well endowed categories and employees relying primarily on labor power is a major determinant of the extent of public welfare provision and also the extent to which public welfare provision redistributes risks and income (Korpi, 2006). This is why Huber and Stephens (2001, p. 1) submit that the dominant government in the welfare state that a given country had will determine the extents of its generosity, the structure of its transfer payments, and the type and volume of services it offered. However, this is not to say that the structure of decision making i n such government does not influence the development of the welfare states. 3.0 How the power resource theory explains the differences in the coordinated social policy of Western European countries. It is inevitable to ignore the fact that the decline in social union will have consequential effect on social provisions in the welfare state. This decline or the strength of the labour unions varies from state to state within the European Union. It might be tempting to attempt at comparing the labour unions of these wealthy European states, however the fact is that the capacity of the labour union in each of these state to pressurise the government in effecting improved social programmes varies in degree. This variation is directly related to the number of labour union, since the number of organise labour will implicates government income receive from taxation. For instance, the German labour union will be stronger because of their population strength compare to that of Switzerland more so national labour unions are influenced by the ideals of the party in power. In the social-democratic welfare states for instance, the citizen criterion predominate whereas, the liberal welfare stat e is characterized by a strong emphasis on mean-tested programs, and the conservative welfare state is distinguish by its variety of class and status-based social insurance schemes (OConnor Olsen 1998, p. 13). In this regard, the working class are instrumental to, and are the base of the welfare state thus power resource approach explains the extents of the effect of trade unions on effecting government policies. It also explains labour strength as influenced by the favorability of the nature of party in government. Therefore, the differences in the coordinated social policy of Western European countries is a consequence of the extent to which the labour unions of each of these countries can push for social programs which abinitio defines the welfare state. This is to define power as an attributes (capacity or means) of actors (individual or collectivities) which enable them to reward or punish other actors (Korpi 1998, p.42). Particularly, in this case, where power is conceived as a relational concept between the labour union and government, the attributes of actors become power resources only among two or more interdependent actors who have at least some interests in the attribute of the other actors (Ibid, p.42).Certainly, workers combined to fight for their rights particularly on issues which rank top of the union priority list today such as better wages, shorter hours, safe working conditions and the right to bargain collectively. The capacity and willingness of the masses to protest has the potential to influence the nature of the welfare state. The extent to which mass protest is used as a weapon by the labour union will determine the extent to which the government will initiate social security programmes. This may be argue as something of a clash between citizenship and capitalism which has meant that social issue is increasingly overtaking the importance of market economy this 21st century. Protest doesnt has to be violent but the people must leave their work, factories, schools, homes etc to facilitate mass protests relegating to the background such factors like business (trade) that capitalism thrives on. However, it must also be stated that mass protest is illegal in all the countries of the world. It is illegal in the sense that the people needs a permit to organize protest and laws guiding the issuance of permits varies from countries to countries even within the European Union. Although some states a re more relaxed in issuing permits than the other, all in all, it is illegal to stage a rally without a permit, even with a permit, it is illegal to use a mega phone in some cases. The changes in the population composition from largely dominated by working class to that dominated by retiree has meant increase in social and welfare payments by the state. In essence, the number of taxpaying citizen has decrease significantly over the last three decades in most, if not all Western European countries. In this light, population composition has direct effect on the nature of the labour movement. In the context of power resource theory, the composition of the population will have effects of power classes. In a situation where the population of these countries are ageing particularly those of Britain, Germany, France, Italy and Spain, the degree at which the labour union can effectively influence social policy is significantly affected. An ageing population will create a likely situation of large number of economically well endowed and at the same time large number of retiree who will rely on pensions. Situation such as this will lead to an increase social spending and reduce tax payers. In fact this has caused mass protests in France recently when the government increased the retirement age so as to reduce the spending on social programmes such as pension. It is part of the fallout of recent financial crisis, and moreover most of these countries are running a deficit budgets since they are spending more than they could afford to maintain the welfare state. Therefore, there is the need for these countries to cut back on social spending. This variation will create differences in the welfare state, as tax payers are going down in ageing populations, hence ageing populations in these country are creating new social risks that are not well addressed by existing social programmes. Increasingly, therefore, social programmes reforms are been linked to austerity measures. Although, most of these countries have been seen to be cutting on social programmes, what is particularly striking is how resilience the welfare state has been after this period of austerity and protest. Espen Andersen drew attention to welfare state variable capacity to reduce peoples reliance upon the market through the provision of public alternatives which allow them to maintain a normal and socially acceptable standard of living (Korpi 1998, p. 12). Korpi seeks to explain this scenario as decommodification or protection from the total dependent on the labour market for surviva which highlight the distinction between weak and strong welfare states (Ibid, p. 12). 4.0 Conclusion The trend nowadays is that most of the European nations are increasingly reducing the reliance of the people on social programmes. Although, most government will agree that there is a need for government to support the people which they serve, the issue however is around the level of support that welfare state is going to provide to protect the individuals. The whole welfare model should be based on getting people that relies on the welfare state back to work and not to leave them excluded from mainstream society. The dependant of more people depends on welfare state transfers and fewer people paying taxes to support the welfare state, budget deficit ballooned and government moved to control and then reduced deficits by cutting entitlements (Huber and Stephens 2001, p. 2). Paul Pierson (2001) has argued that the new politics of the welfare state will be dominated by reforms. This is the case now. Several of these countries are increasingly reforming the welfare state so as to meet with the reality on ground, a reality of low number of tax payers compare to the number of people that relies on the social benefits. Birth rate and life expectancy varies in these countries and this variation will create differences in the welfare state, as tax payers are going down and the populations are ageing. The welfare state is been reforming while at the same time these state are aiming to drive down their budget deficits so as to have a sustainable welfare state.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Effects of Changing Accounting Standards on Commercial Bank

Effects of Changing Accounting Standards on Commercial Bank Proposed Research Topic: IAS 39 and IFRS 9: the effects of changing accounting standards for financial instruments on the financial assets management of a commercial bank in Chong Qing Background: In 2008, a catastrophic financial crisis ignited by the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings soon had a full scale break-out and dragged the world from prosperous growth to excruciating abyss of stagnation, even recession. People in business and academic community took a great number of serious discussions striving to find the causes of the financial crisis. It is widely agreed that the lack of transparency in banks and investment houses which increased their risks is one of the major driving forces of the crisis(Compton, 2012). It is argued by Rohde(2011) that the abuse of financial instruments is to blame for the lack of transparency. Accountancy, as a practical subject meant to make organizations more transparent via clear and correct financial reports therefore is closely linked to the solution to the financial crisis. One year after the crisis, world leaders declared that improvements in financial report were needed at the G20 summits.à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ Chan, 2010) In 2009, in response to the demand for improved financial reports, the new IFRS 9 was published as the replacement for IAS 39 to serve the purpose of regulating accountancy for financial instruments(IFRS, 2009; Chan, 2010). Some noticeable changes were made by IASBà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ international accounting standards boardà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° to the new standards, particularly the classification of financial assets. IAS classify financial assets into 4 measurement groups, which is considered by Chan(2010) as one of the its drawbacks resulting in unnecessary complexity and internal inconsistency. However, according to IFRS 9, the number of categories is largely simplified and is cut down from 4 to 2: amortize cost and fair value. Currently, business organizations can choose which standards they would like to apply because the mandatory effective date of IFRS was canceled already(IFRS, 2009). What effects could the differences between the 2 standards exert on banks’a management of financia l assets remains unknown. It has not been sufficiently studied in accounting literature yet. Although some studies are made with regard to IAS or IFRS as a whole, none of them are specifically on IFRS 9, let alone its effects on financial assets management. A study as this one is hence needed to fill in this gap. One of the main features of international accounting standards regardless of IAS9, IFRS 9, or their earlier predecessors is the steady status of fair value measurement. Despite that a lot of measurement categories are added to or removed from in amendments occurred since the establishment of one universal international accounting standards system, fair value measurement seems to stand unshakably in the center of measurement for financial instruments. Thus, this paper will mainly focus on fair value to discuss whether or not it is changed in the new standards and what influence those changes have on a bank’s financial assets management, which can better our understanding in the relationship between accounting standards and practical management. This paper is helpful not only to expand the accounting literature, but also to improve bankers’ assets management in precaution of the risk of another financial crisis. In a word, my research is worth doing academically and pract ically. The purpose of my paper is to identify the effects of changing financial standards on the assets management of a bank by interviewing its managers and examining its financial conditions before and after its accounting policy shifted from IAS 39 to IFRS 9. To achieve that, I set 3 research objectives. Firstly, my paper aims to find out the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9, particularly the changes made to the fair value measurement. Secondly, my paper tries to identify the effects of adopting IFRS 9 on Chong qing Bank’s financial assets management in replacement for IAS 39. Thirdly, my paper will make critical comment on whether those effects are positive or negative comparing with previous years when IAS was applied in the hope of providing some useful experience to other banks. Literature review: The number of existing researches on the new IFRS 9 is extremely limited and can hardly be found for it was published just 4 years ago as an incomplete demo to be tested and improved, awaiting continuous amendments. It takes time before it is as applicable as IAS 9, when a great amount of researches then can be expected due to mass usage of IFRS in business institutes. Fortunately, there are a number of studies on the IFRS as a whole and IAS No. 39. Carmona Trombetta(2008) got a panorama overview on IFRS and IAS, and proceeded to explain the difficulty of world-wide adoption of those standards owing to nature of highly diverse conditions in different individual countries, which leads to a conclusion that rule based standards are probably more acceptable than principles based ones to widespread a universal standards system across the world. Despite the insightful discovery they made, they did not focus enough attention on the obvious differences between IFRS and IAS. To the contrary, what they try to emphasize is the similarities instead of differences between those two standards. As a supplementary to the previous accounting literature, Wang(2010) made a thorough comparison between the two standards and noted the difference of classifications for financial assets which is covered by IAS 39 and IFRS 9 that matters a lot to financial assets management. However, she was one step away from getting the full picture, but stopped at that point and did not make further explorations concerning the effects of the differences in standards on banking management, which leaves her research unfortunately incomprehensive. The study on this topic has 2 dimensions: regulations, and the objectives those regulations exert effects on. Neglecting either of them would flaw the whole study. Armstrong and his collegues (2010) contributed to the literature by examining the objectives of accounting regulations. They studied business institutes’ reaction to the adoption of IFRS in Europe, which can made a worthy comparison with Chong qing companies that my paper is about to study. Morris and Sellon(1991) are among those first to focus on the relationship between accounting standards and financial assets management. They noted that a bank’s true assets (Morris and Sellon, 1991) can be best reflected by fair value based accounting practice. Their pioneering work was seconded by Barth(1994) who argues that accounting based on fair is helpful to improve a bank’s management by clarifying the true value of financial assets to the top management. He took a critical strep and brought accounting standard on to the managerial level. Although having laid down the fundamental base for my study, both of their researches share a fatal flaw of being too outdated. The world has witnessed too many tremendous changes including the financial crisis to fit in their theory’s framework developed in the early 1990s. Their theory fails to be applied to lately i nvented financial instruments, particularly financial derivatives. More researches close to today’s reality are needed, which is another justification for the rationale of my research. Methodology and methods: I intend to conduct an interpretive, inductive, empirical and qualitative research on this topic. The method adopted is cases study carried out via techniques including observing the company and taking interviews. Chong qing Bank in Chong qing is selected as the case study company for it is one of the first to answer IASB’s call to adopt IFRS. Given the geographic limitations and the cost to fly to Chong qing, semi-structured telephone interviews will be held to managers of Chong qing Bank Limited containing questions on their thoughts before and after IAS 39 was replaced by IFRS 39. Information about the company is to be thoroughly observed, particularly its capital adequacy ratio before and after IFRS was adopted, which can reflect its financial assets management in the period of changing accounting policy to a certain extent. The entire data collect by my case study and interviews is original primary data, except capital adequacy ratio, which is secondary data since it can be found in the company’s annual reports. Most of the data are qualitative as they are questions regarding people’s attitudes, beliefs, thoughts that cannot be quantified. However, the capital adequacy ratio is quantitative. The way my research is done is to acquire knowledge by making empirical observations and finding empirical evidences rather than establishing pure theoretical framework on a predetermined hypothesis. All the 3 research objectives listed before are about making empirical observations. Therefor the case study method is very suitable to serve my research objectives. As claimed by Robson(2002), case study is ‘A strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation’. The reason I employ the technique of interview is that interviews are very useful to collect empirical information. It is an empirical research method. A semi-structured interview by telephone would allow me to explore unexpected issues by holding relatively casual conversation consisted of not fully predetermined questions, and to build personal rapport with the interviewees that might be helpful to make some in-depth findings. In a word, the empirical, interpretive nature of my study that requir es original primary data and close observations determines the research methods I chose. Content analysis will be used on the main data analyzing tool to measure the frequency of certain key words and notions respondents mentioned in interviews. The data collected is not generalizable because they are predominantly qualitative information of a single individual company without statistical representativeness. But the data is of legitimate validity and reliability since they are authentically collected from a company in its practical daily operations. If anyone is to repeat my research on the same company, the out-come would be of no difference. Potential difficulties I can anticipate in this research are mainly geographically related. The location of me, namely UK, is too far away from the objective in Chong qing I am about to observe. This limitation is likely to cause a series of difficulties including the hardship of getting contact with the informants and inaccuracy of observations which are not made in person directly. Another difficulty is the willing of managers to receiving my interviews. In order to get a sufficient number of respondents, I plan to set certain incentive prizes for answering my questions. The research will mainly be funded by myself, though I will not give up the opportunity of being sponsored by the university. Application for research funds will be submitted to Royal Holloway before the research begins. However, those difficulties above can be overcome and minimalized as long as my research is well designed. Flying to Chong qing is reserved as the last resort if things get out of my control. The t ime scale of my research is 3months. The detailed time table is listed below: Timetable: Prepare the interview questions by 1 March Complete literature review by 10 April Conduct interviews by 10 May Complete data analysis by 12 May Give presentation on 23 June Complete the final dissertation by 20 June Reference: Armstrong, C, Barth, M, Jagolinzer, A, Riedl, E 2010, Market Reaction to the Adoption of IFRS in Europe, Accounting Review, 85, 1, pp. 31-61, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014. Barth, M. E.,1994, ‘Fair value accounting: Evidence from investment securities and the market valuation of banks’, Accounting Review, pp.1-25. Carmona, S, Trombetta, M., 2008, On the global acceptance of IAS/IFRS accounting standards: The logic and implications of the principles-based system, Journal Of Accounting Public Policy, 27, 6, pp. 455-461, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014. Chan, S., 2010, ‘From IAS 39 to IFRS 9: more than just a name change’, the official website of Chong qing institute of certified public accountants, Available at:http://www.hkicpa.org.hk/file/media/section2_become_a_hk_cpa/recog-oversea-bodies/useful-article/name-change.pdf [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. Compton, J., 2012, ‘Libor scandal: at the root of all financial crises is a lack of transparency’, The Telegraph, available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/9366972/Libor-scandal-at-the-root-of-all-financial-crises-is-a-lack-of-transparency.html [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. IFRS, 2009, IFRS 9: Financial Instruments (replacement of IAS 39), the official website of the IFRS Foundation and the IASB. Available at: http://www.ifrs.org/current-projects/iasb-projects/financial-instruments-a-replacement-of-ias-39-financial-instruments-recognitio/Pages/financial-instruments-replacement-of-ias-39.aspx [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. Robson, C., 2002, Real world research: A resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers (Vol. 2). Oxford: Blackwell. Moody, D., 2002, Empirical research methods, the official website of IT University of Copenhagen. Available at: http://www.itu.dk/~oladjones/semester%203/advanced%20it%20mgt%20and%20software%20engineering/project/materials/what%20is%20empirical%20research1.pdf [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. Morris, C. S., SellonJr, G. H., 1991, ‘Market value accounting for banks: pros and cons.’, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 76, pp.5-19. Rohde, L 2011, Lessons from the Last Financial Crisis and the Future Role of Institutional Investors, OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, 2011, 1, pp. 77-82, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014. Wang, Z., 2010, ‘A comparative study of the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9: interpreting the classification and measurement of financial assets.’ Finance and Accounting Monthly, 2010, 16(548), pp.51-53.( In Chinese) Source available at: http://www.ckyk.cn/periodical/previous_detail-JOLQNON0.shtml; Full text available at: http://www.docin.com/p-226160490.html [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013].

Monday, August 19, 2019

KFC International in China :: Business Economics China Essays

KFC International in China The social values and history have shaped and formed the economical developments and the current environment of business in the People's Republic of China. They have determined the patterns for negotiation and the Chinese perceptions of business, and their feelings towards westerners. The implicit and explicit rules that the Chinese society has on the development of businesses, and the economy in general, are very important issues for any person going into China to understand and consider. In order to achieve a successful partnership between Chinese and Western cultures it is essential to have a basic understanding of history and cultural developments that have shaped the current environment of business. The three pillars of China are economy, culture, and society. Economy The Chinese economy has been formed as a result of centuries of history and development, which reflect the philosophy of China and its current economical position. China started as a mainly agricultural based society with the subsistence group; the family. For more than 2000 years the Chinese economy operated under a type of feudal system; land was concentrated in the hands of a relatively small group of landowners whose income depended on rents from their peasant tenants. Agricultural taxes levied by the imperial government and crop yields subject to drought and floods kept agriculture relatively underdeveloped and organized in small units with the use of primitive methods for basic subsistence. The conclusion of the Opium War of 1840 formally initiated a period of Western penetration of China from the coastal treaty ports. Railroads and highways were constructed, and some industrial development began. Such activity had little impact, however, on the overall Chinese economy. In effect, China was carved up into a number of competing colonial spheres of influence. Japan, which tried to attach China to its East Asia prosperity Sphere, was able to create only isolated nodes of a modern economy. The Chinese Communist party emerged in the 1920s in the midst of a mounting economic crisis caused by foreign intervention and increased landlord influence in the countryside. For more than two decades, it expanded its control over large rural areas by introducing an agrarian program based on the control of rent and usury, and by giving power to peasant associations.

Vying For A Title :: essays research papers

Vying for a Title   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The contenders have been primped and manicured by their masters and are ready to be placed on display. The subjects with the wealthiest owners attend top-notch obedience schools where they are trained in the art of acting and appearing in a way uncharacteristic to their nature. They are rewarded with special treats when they work hard during training. The skills learned in these unique schools are not useful anywhere else, but in the competitions are judged and often given a champion prize. The contestants are paraded in, coached by their owners. Each standing tall with her head raised and nose up. Most are showing their teeth as if to be smiling or happy. Truthfully, they are showing the judges the straightness and whiteness of their teeth. Both the long-haired and short-haired have had chemicals applied to them to make certain every hair lays perfectly. The outward appearances of the participators are close to flawless. If any flaws are detected in the preparation they are quickly covered up. Trainers and owners see imperfections as point deductions. Those are deductions they can’t afford when a title and thousands of dollars are on the line. A woman moves from one contestant to the next testing them. To the last in the line of female competitors the question is asked, â€Å"If you could change the world, what would you change?† Too confidently the girl replied, â€Å"I would end world hunger and poverty.† When all she really aspires to do is win this contest and the next. This is what pageantry is about. Parents who subject their children to beauty pageants teach their children that winning these contests will bring them happiness. Is being deemed the best at being fake really anything to be happy about? Too many mommies and daddies believe so. Do the pageant parents have their own dreams about their daughters being Miss Americas? Do the participants really compete in beauty contests to better themselves or their futures? Do they have a driving force from behind the stage? Will these parents go to any extent to mold their daughters into something that might win a few of these superficial contests? â€Å"†¦Didn't the Ramseys think that putting JonBenet in all those beauty pageants, looking so seductive, was inappropriate. The child was 5. All the pictures we saw were of her looking 25 and slinking and winking.† (Schwartz) â€Å"Mrs. Ramsey said that was just the public's problem and if they thought a 5-year-old trying to look more sexy than Madonna was a bit twisted - well that just shows what twisted people we have in this country.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

In order for the customers to purchase the Nokia 6600 from the retailer, :: Business Management Studies

In order for the customers to purchase the Nokia 6600 from the retailer, Sales and customer service Task 1 Introduction A sales promotion may be defined as on attempt to create interest in and stimulate sales of a product or service by a non-standard activity in a limited period of time, or with a controlled amount of product (while stocks last) In many ways, a sales promotion is a link between advertising and direct selling. It gives the advertiser an extra benefit to draw to the consumers attention, persuading them to go to the shops, and it allows the manufacturer’s sales person to revitalize the interest of the retailer by having something new to discuss or offer. There are two types of promotion: * Trade promotions- manufacturers promoting to retailers and wholesalers. * Consumer promotions- manufacturers or retailers promoting to the final consumer. I will promote mobile phone Nokia 6600. It is important to understand that sales promotion includes more than just money off voucher on the pocket of a fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) In order for the customers to purchase the Nokia 6600 from the retailer, the latter has had to be persuaded to stock the product in the first place. For this to be achieved, I will have to educate its sales- force on the distinctive selling features of the product, which is Nokia 6600 in order to help it persuade the retailer to stock it. This is picture of Nokia 6600 Components of a sales promotion Firms often refer to promotion above the line and below the line. Above the line promotion is through independent media, such as television or newspapers. These allow firms to reach a wide audience easily. Most advertising is carried out above the line. Some advertising, however, is carried out by methods over which a firm has direct control, such as direct mailing. These and other direct methods of promotion (known as below the line promotion) Below the line promotion allows a firm to aim its marketing at consumers it knows are interested in the product. Above the line advertising in newspaper means that the promotion is seen by most of the readers, even though some will not be interested. With below the line promotions, firms are usually aiming their message at consumers who are either known to them or who have been chosen in advance. For example, direct mail advertisers will pick exactly which consumers they wish to send their mail to, rather than going for blanket coverage. Nokia 6600 sales promotion objectives are: * Increase awareness and interest * Achieve a switch in buying behavior from competitor brands * Incentive consumers of make a purchase of my brand Nokia 6600

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Addiction Counselors

Bowers, M. 2000). Young people and problem drug use : The role of attachment theory and family background. (Order No. Lull 35553, University of Leister (United Kingdom)). PACT – I-J & Ireland, Retrieved from http://search. Protest. Com/deceive/ 301 (301 545184). The findings show that the young people with drug use problems differed from the control group in that they emphasized the positive consequences of drug use and were more likely to leave school early. However, there was an absence of a direct relationship between family and related.Researches have been looking around efferent gender and match that the cases decrease among years, since there is an empty attach between family members. This research was based on different family experiences. Skillet, S. K. (2002). Causal attributions for problem drinking: Gender differences and predictors of therapeutic outcome. (Order No. Lull 58572, University of Leister (United Kingdom)). PACT – I-J & Ireland, Retrieved from htt p://search. Protest. Com/ (301 562982). Researchers at the Retrieved had identified a number of obstacles to treatment of late life depression.Based on their thesis consists of two studies to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured approach by primary care and community services to the identification and management of depression among older people. Phase One was a validation study of the short Geriatric Depression Scale as part of an annual over-75 health check by the practice nurse. Based on actual results the community services has increase among the age. Newborn, J. (2000). Dieters' experience of craving thoughts: The role of appraisal and thought control in dysfunctional eating behavior and emotional distress. (Order No. 13135627, University of Leister (United Kingdom)).PACT – I-J & Ireland, Retrieved from http://search. Protest. Com/deceive/301 545231 ? Accounted=35796. (301 545231). According to the Univac of Leister studies have shown that food cravings are a common place experience in the general population and ordinarily, are not associated with emotional distress or a lack of behavioral control. As a matter of fact some people with disordered eating, food cravings can be associated with significant distress and are implicated as a contributory factor in binge eating. So based on their recent advances in cognitive theory, I disagree since every person who crave food is eased on their state on mind.It really depends on every situation based on their needs. Reborn, L. C. (2002). Gender differences in body image dissatisfaction, eating disturbance and perception of media imagery in pre-adolescent children. (Order No. 13163247, University of Leister (United Kingdom)). PACT – I-J & Ireland, Retrieved from http://search. Protest. Com/deceive/301 554753? Accounted=35796. (301 554753). This study was to examine gender differences in body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating and drive for muscularity in pre-adolescent children based on the Edie facts.One hundred and ninety one children aged between nine and ten years participated in the study, and more than a half were or feel unhappy with their bodies. However, their expression of body image dissatisfaction differed, in that most girls wished for a thinner body shape, whereas the boys were equally split between those who wished to be thinner and those who wished to be larger. There were no gender differences in levels of eating disturbance. Researchers were inspired and extent their research based on the answers and numbers of this study.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Functional Health Assessment

Nursing theorist Marjorie Gordon developed, in 1987, functional health patterns as a tool guide, used by nurses as a comprehensive data collection during patient assessments. Functional health pattern enables the nurses to identify and determine all aspects of health and human function (Kosher, 2013). The purpose of this assignment is to discuss how the interviewed family views their health overall, to improve their health promotion/patient education, and to identify the needs of the family using Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns. Family Health AssessmentThe family selected for this project is a bi-nuclear family with three children. The mother is 40 years old and has two occupations, a phlebotomist and a nursing assistant. She has a 15 year old daughter, 3 year old twin boys. Her daughter is from her previous marriage. The father is 48 years old and works as a long distance truck driver. The couple has been married for 7 years. During the interview the family was asked o pen ended questions to evaluate their overall views of their health. These open ended questions were used in conjunction with Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns.The minor children were included in discussions with parents present. Patterns of Health Perception and Health Management The family as a whole perceives their health in overall good condition. They believe that with frequent and check-ups with their primary physician, their health can be maintained and managed properly. The importance of spirituality plays an important role in maintaining mental and physical wellness. The father has past medical issues with hypertensive crisis induced by stress and diet. The mother has a history of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean section with the childbirth of the  twins.In order to improve health maintenance they are dieting appropriately and exercising regularly and taking what they call a â€Å"family time-out† on the weekends to relieve stress and bu ild emotional bond. Nutrition-Metabolic Pattern Diet is an important part of this family maintaining their health. Because of the fathers condition the family eats a cardiac healthy diet. Their typical daily intake, consist of lots of vegetables, salads, chicken and fish. They have deleted red meat and carbonated drinks out of their diet.The father confessed to eating sweets and other unhealthy items. The children state that they like to snack all day. Mom sends the twins with healthy snacks at daycare and the older daughter opts to eat school lunch every so often. She prefers to bring a Gatorade and sandwich for lunch. The family was noted to practice eating the recommended 6 small meals per day. The main meal in this household is eaten around five or six p. m. The father and mother had experienced weight fluctuations due to diet changes and life changing stressful events.Pattern of Elimination The elimination function is regular without difficulty for anyone with bowel movements o r urination. The frequent urination is no longer an issue for the mother since she has lost some of the baby weight and no longer with pregnant. The twin boys are currently being potty trained, with some episodes of incontinence at night, which is to be expected. They are still using pull-up briefs at bedtime. Pattern of Activity/Exercise This family is very active. The mother says she stays active with work and the two boys at home keep her busy.The mother does a lot of heavy lifting at working so she is required to wear safety brace while at work. The father job requires sitting most of the time with lifting from time to time. They do many outdoor activities for family time, for example, fishing, swimming, and bike riding on the trail, at the local park. The mother participates in zumba exercise class on Wednesday evenings. Cognitive and Perception Education is a continued factor in this household. The mother is in school for licensed practical nursing.The daughter is in high scho ol and maintains  a 3. 5 grade average in her classes. The twins go to day care every day for early learning. The father completed 2 years of college and has degree in general studies, has a special driving license. Pattern of Seep and Rest Family’s response towards rest was different. The mother complained of lack of rest since the twins were born and the father stated that when he is home from a long trip it is difficult for him to sleep at home because he is used to being up all night driving. The twins and the teenage daughter take naps and gets sleep without any complaints.Pattern of Self Perception and Self Concept Some family members noted to feel unsatisfied about their appearances in different ways. The daughter felt that she had chunky legs. The father felt that he could stand to lose a few more pounds because he felt fat. The mother is still worried about fitting into that bathing suit she bought two months ago on sale. Body image was an issue, but it was discuss ed nonchalant throughout the conversation. The daughter appeared to be vainer about her appearance than any other family member.Role Relationships PatternSupport for each is noted throughout the family, they attend church regularly on Sundays has a spiritual and emotional support system. The parents socialize with other church members through activities. They voiced satisfaction with their home life. They often go out on dates with other couples and families with children. The mother’s relatives live close by, so they have frequently family visits. Sexuality –Reproductive Pattern The parents are currently sexually active. The teenage daughter stated she is not, but was curious and had some questions.The daughter started her menses at age 11. The mother started her menses cycle at early age 9. The parents were informed of the teenage daughter curiosity and questions so that could be addressed personally. Pattern of Coping and Stress Tolerance Stress has had an impact on this family. The father has been hospitalized twice with a hypertensive crisis. Life changing events started from the birth of the twins, then the death of his mother a year ago and now work has been slower than usual, not enough hours to work and support his family.The mother is stressed from taking on the extra load of responsibilities. No recreational drugs or alcohol abuse in the home. Stress is relieved by spiritual needs being met and family support. Patterns of Values and Beliefs Religion is very important to this family, by attending church regularly and participating in extra activities at church with their church family. A close knit family is highly valued. The American culture is practiced in this family. Western medicine is their health practice.Wellness Diagnoses/Family Nursing DiagnosisReadiness for Enhanced Caregiver Role related to interrupted family processes and caregiver role strain (Gordon, 1994) Effective therapeutic Regimen Management related to non-complianc e with diet (Gordon, 1994) Conclusion The interviewing process of this family was intensive, but important information was gained. Areas noted for increased education and health promotion/well-being. Based on the functional health patterns assessment, wellness and family nursing diagnoses was implemented. Factors taken into consideration were the diet and weight concern, and the shift of responsibilities increasing stressors.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Free Education Essay

There is no such thing as ‘free education fully financed by the government’. A zero-tuition college education simply means that instead of the students bearing the cost of attaining their degrees the taxpayers bear it. Students and parents misperceive the price of education, considering it to be free, even though it comes out of their pockets in taxes. And why should low-income taxpayers finance the education of wealthier students? Proponents of state-financed education argue that absence of government help would put higher education out of reach of poor students. But I tend to disagree in that there are no ‘poor college students’. College-caliber students possess great wealth in the form of human capital. Anyone headed for college has enormous wealth in the form of intellectual capital and will receive earnings from his/her college education. So, the benefits of a college education are essentially reaped by the individual acquiring higher education. The future earnings of the individual typically constitute an adequate return on the gross investment in abtaining higher education. Moreover, providing free college education to all is a rather inefficient way to serve the interests of poor students since a large proportion of students who acquire higher education come from relatively well off families. There are many negative aspects of government-financed higher education. Free education leads to overproduction and waste. But, isn’t it good to have more young people with degrees? Don’t we need a more educated workforce for the more demanding jobs that will dominate our economy in the future? The answer to these questions is ‘no’. By putting more people in colleges we end up with unmotivated students who lower the standards demanded by higher education. In his book Generation X Goes to College, Peter Sacks explains how he was driven to make his courses intellectually vapid, easy and entertaining in order to improve student performance and keep his job. This is a result of classrooms being filled by indifferent students who want a degree with the lowest possible effort. The producers of higher education in a zero-tuition system are the only ones  having control over the quality of education. Financing of universities by the government leads to higher government control over them. Government officials regularly audit universities to check whether the money granted to them in the form of loans and research grants is being spent wisely. The downside of this is that the auditors may lack sufficient understanding of the technical specialities being evaluated. Also the government may enforce the hiring of faculty from minority groups, thus bringing down the quality of the teaching staff. More undesirable is the effect on the thinking of the academics. The state-subsidized scholar is reluctant to unearth ideas that bring into question his livelihood and that of his colleages. He is encouraged by his superiors not to bite the hand that feeds him. Thus, there can be no freedom of thought and freedom to explore new ideas under such a system. Most importantly, due to state financing of higher education, it is far removed from a free market. The cost of education is masked by the government subsidies. Government funding is a crucial intrusion into the market price of education. It is an intrusion which steadily raises the price to taxpayers, but reduces the perceived price of education to the educational establishment. As a result there is little incentive to control costs since they are already perceived as low. There is little incentive to promote innovations since people innovate when they feel the need to give consumer’s ‘their money’s worth’. Finally there is little incentive to respect the student who is the ‘customer’. In conclusion, I feel that the conventional wisdom about college education is wrong.We don’t need free education to get more students into college; we need to end the government subsidies so that college costs will be borne only by willing parties. We don’t need to try to make college attendance universal; we need to allow people to choose for themselves the type and extent of education that best suits them. Making college education fully government-financed goes against the basic objective of higher education – to allow the intellectual cream of society to specialize in their chosen field of interest.

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Naturopathic Medicines over Pharmaceutical Medications Essay

For World Health Organization (WHO), health of an individual is not only means of getting rid of physical illness or pain but involves complete mental and social wellbeing of an individual. It is muti-dimensional and involves various aspects including social environment of a person or a society. Still eighty per cent of people are heard complaining about one or the other health problems and only one percent of people are in according to the WHO definition really healthy. Among several factors, it’s the departure of the people from our age-old system of naturopathic treatment towards hyped Pharmaceutical Industry – a product of Industrial revolution. Dr. Mathias Rath, a German-based advocate of patients’ rights and author of the book, â€Å"Why Animals Don’t Get Heart Attacks-But People Do†, rightly said, â€Å"There is an entire industry with an innate economic interest to obstruct, suppress and discredit any information about the eradication of diseases†. (Faseyin, 2004) He condemned millions of people who are eager to pay billions of dollars to the pharmaceutical industry for medicines that never cure rather kills. Pharmaceutical industry is earning more than one trillion dollars by selling drugs promising cure of various diseases and are being marketed at a cost more than 55,000 percent of the raw materials, bringing profit to the whole pharmaceutical industry and the people attached to it but without any concern to the health of the people. These drugs are merely removing symptoms instead of curing. As a result, more people are finding themselves facing deathbeds even from the preventable diseases. For e.g. few centuries back, James Lind had found that deficiency of vitamin C can cause blood loss and scurvy but still pharmaceutical industries dealing with medicines promising the cure of cardiovascular diseases are not supplying this information. The official RDA for vitamin C set at 60 mg is also not enough to prevent the disease. And the reason is the attitude of the pharmaceutical industry that looks at the cost effectiveness of the medicines rather than the health of the citizens; naturally they find vitamin C as an unprofitable venture for the pharmaceutical industry. Allopathic medicines can cure acute illnesses very effectively and pharmaceuticals and artificial respiration has also saved lives of millions.   But if we count the side effects, these are more than the actual benefits. Several cases have come to light when patients have suffered from pneumonia and acute physical dysfunction arising from the continuous use of steroid medication. Patients can also lose normal intestinal flora and can develop acute digestive problems. Nature has bounteous wealth of healing powers in its lap, which our ancient healers had fruitfully utilized, to the advantage of the patients. Naturopathic medicines go deep into cleaning of our immune system, healing hormonal, nervous systems and detoxifying them and eliminating diseases from its roots thus taking care of patient’s complete health. Medieval Jewish writer, Maimonides reflected Plato’s concept of health, when he said, â€Å"The cure of many diseases is unkown to the physicians†¦ because they are ignorant of the whole (body and soul) which ought to be studied also; for the part can never be well, unless the whole is well. For all good and evil, whether in the body or in the human nature originates†¦ in the soul, and overflows from thence†¦ and therefore if the head and body are to be well, you must begin by curing the soul; that is the first thing.† (Vaux & Stenberg 2002) Underlying principles of healing on which the naturopathic medicine is based makes it different from all other medical approaches. Naturopathic doctors take the individual’s biochemistry, biomechanics, and emotional predispositions into account while prescribing medicines.   The body’s self-healing takes into consideration various aspects of body control and strive to maintain the biological balance of the body, which is a very crucial aspect of a healthy body. The holistic or naturopathic way of healing works in combination of best scientific diagnosis methods and monitoring techniques with both ancient and innovative health promotion methods. These methods involve use of natural diet and herbal remedies, nutritional supplements, exercises, relaxation, psycho-spiritual counseling, meditation, breathing exercises, and other self-regulatory practices taking into consideration history of patient’s health and his current life including family, job, and religious life and believes in basic concept that food and nutritional supplements are the best medicine. It focuses on prevention of diseases, maintaining high-level wellness and longevity. Besides, naturopathy beckons patients to be an active participant in his or her own healing process, rather than merely becoming a passive recipient of treatment. Naturopathy deals with specific individual needs, and involves in healing process of body, mind and soul. It is quite true that to understand about the illness, knowing about mere physical symptoms are not enough but emotional aspects of patient should also taken care of. Therefore naturopathic treatment is also called as a science of life as it regulates and maintains chemical activities in the brain, controls rhythm of heart, blood pressure, resistance power of skin and other functions inside our body.   It helps persons to overcome anxiety, depression, irritability, improve memory, create emotional stability, and proves to be a healing power for our old traumatic experiences and over and above rejuvenates our lives by giving us energy and vitality. There are several herbs that have multiple uses for human body. People have been growing herbs since centuries and their medicinal properties even challenge the practitioners of medicines of today. Our ancestors were growing the herb plants in their homes. Many evidences have come to light, which show that early settlers had grown herbs like parsley, anise, pennyroyal, sorrel, watercress, liverwort, wild leeks, and lavender across America and in other parts of the world also. They are still grown in many houses all over America and their proper use can relieve the patients from number of diseases. They are many more herbs like ginger, which reduces the chances of heart attack and act as a protective cover for heart and blood vessels. (Naturals Herbs Guide Online) In 1983, World Health Organization suggested to incorporate naturopathic medicine in conventional health care systems. In 1994, Bastyr University of Natural Health Sciences, received grant of   $1 million funds from the National Institutes of Health’s Office of Alternative Medicine to facilitate the research for alternative therapies to cure the patients affected with HIV and AIDS. The diet for cancer patients recommended by the National Cancer Institute was first published in a naturopathic medical textbook in the 1940s. Government of Germany has made it mandatory for conventional doctors and pharmaceuticals also to undergo formal training in naturopathic techniques, as they are cost-effective. (Morton & Morton 1997) Graduates of naturopathic colleges have to put in more hours of study in basic and clinical science than their counterparts in Yale or Stanford medical schools and they receive more training in therapeutic nutrition than Md.’s, osteopathic physicians, or registered dietitians. In United States alone, there are more than one thousand licensed naturopathic physicians and many provinces of Canada also issue licenses to naturopathic doctors as primary care physicians and it is expected that by the end of 2010, all fifty states will start issuing licenses to naturopathic physicians. (Alan Morton, Marry Morton 1997) There are many more healing techniques like Chiropractic, Ayurvedic Medicine, Therapeutic Massage, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)/ Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture, Acupressure, Atlas Orthogonal, Chelation Therapy, Colonics, Psychotherapy/Counseling, Movement Therapies/ Dance, Holistic Dentistry, Ear Candling- Ear Candling/ Ear Coning/ Thermal-Auricular, Feng Shui, Flower Essences (Bach Flower Remedy), Herbalism, Hypnotherapy, Lymph Drainage Therapy, Ohashiatsu and Vitamin Therapy, whose basic principles and remedies lie in the various ingredients found in the nature. So why not fully utilize what the nature has given to us as only with the healthy body, there is healthy mind and only healthy mind can lead the world towards healthy living. REFERENCE LIST Faseyin A.Y.   2004. The Pharmaceutical Cartel: A Tool for Genocide. Retrieved on February 10, 2008 from W.W.W: http://newafrikanvodun.com/pharm.html. Grout M.M. Allopathic Medicine. Retrieved on February 10, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.crossroadsclinic.net/articles/allopathic_medicine.html Morton M. A. & Morton M. 1997. Naturopathic Medicine. Retrieved on February 26, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.healthy.net/asp/templates/article.asp?PageType=Article&ID=508 NaturalHerbsGuide.com. Natural Herbs, Herbal Remedies, Medicines, and Supplements Guide. Retrieved on February 26, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.naturalherbsguide.com/ Vaux K.L. and Stenberg M. 2002. Covenants of Life: Contemporary Medical Ethics in Light of the thought of Paul Ramsay. USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.